Processes to recover funds from the aggressor began in 2014. Private businesses were the first to do so, applying to investment arbitration under agreements on mutual protection of investments that were violated by the Russian Federation when it annexed Crimea. These are companies such as Naftogaz, Ukrnafta, PrivatBank, Oschadbank, Belbek Airport, etc.

And some of them have already received positive arbitral awards and had these decisions recognized abroad. Of course, enforcement of the awards remains a challenge, but work is underway in this area.

As for people's private property, the state of Ukraine itself reimbursed war-related expenses within the limit of UAH 300,000 ($8,126).

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sanctions against Russiareparationsdamage from Russia's aggressioncompensation