1. Central Role of Ministries: Ministries are central executive bodies responsible for developing and implementing state policy in specific areas. The number and list of ministries are determined by how the large list of state policy areas is divided among them. Important areas often warrant a separate ministerial position (e.g., Ministry of Veterans Affairs).

  2. Importance of Leadership: If a ministry does not engage in developing and implementing state policy, it does not matter who heads it.

  3. Size Matters: Very large ministries tend to perform poorly because they are responsible for too many policy areas, leading to some aspects being neglected. Effective management requires a balanced workload.

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